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Which of the following is/are the stages of lithoseres?
a) crustose lichen stage, foliose and fruiticose stages
b) moss, herb, shrub and tree stages
c) forest or climax stage    
d) all of these

d

Which of the following stage has leaf like thalli in lithoseres?
a) crustose                            
b) foliose
c) fruiticose                          
d) moss

b

Which of the following stage are small bushes in lithoseres?
a) crustose                            
b) foliose
c) fruiticose                         
d) moss

c

Explanation: A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure.


All of the following statements are correct  regarding ecological succession except……
a) the role of decomposers becomes more and more important
b) the food chain relationships becomes more complex
c) species diversity increases as succession proceeds
d) it is a random process

d

Population Dynamics:


Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies ……..changes in the size and age composition of population and the processes influencing those changes.
a) short-term                        
b) long-term
c) mid-term                          
d) both a and b

d

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