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In which of the following, direct connections between cells are called plasmodesmata?
a) animals                   
b) fungi
c) plants                                 
d) algae

c



Who discovered an early gastrula an extremely important morphogenetic field with amazing properties?
a) Hans Spemann       
b) Hilde Mangold
c) Theoder Schwann
d) both a and b


d

Explanation: both were German zoologists



Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold dissected a small piece of tissure from the dorsal lip of the blastomeres in an early gastrula of a……and transplanting it to opposite side of another gastrula.
a) frog                        
b) newt
c) salamander             
d) fish

b

Explanation: the result was the formation of a second notochord and neural tube during gastrulation and neurolation in the host embryo and ultimately the formation an entirely new body axis- the resulting embryo developed two bodies.



Triton taeniatus belongs to class……..
a) reptilia                    
b) amphibia
c) aves                        
d) mollusca

b



Which of the following species is/are pigmented and served as the tissue donor in Spemann and Mangold experiment of cell signaling during differentiation?
a) Triton taeniatus     
b) Triton cristatus
c) both a and b
d) none of these

a

Which of the following species is/are non-pigmented and served as the host embryo in Spemann and Mangold experiment of cell signaling during differentiation?
a) Triton taeniatus      
b) Triton cristatus
c) both a and b
d) none of these

b

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