Aldosterone is secreted by which of the following gland?
a) anterior pituitary gland
b) posterior pituitary gland
c) adrenal cortex
d) thyroid gland
How aldosterone maintains sodium level at steady state?
a) it activates sodium-potassium pump in proximal convoluted tubule
b) it activates sodium-potassium pump in distal convoluted tubule
c) it activates sodium-potassium pump in collecting duct
d) it activates sodium-potassium pump in loop of Henle
Explanation: Aldosterone causes sodium to be absorbed and potassium to be excreted into the lumen by principal cells.
How sodium is pumped back to the blood from filtrate?
a) diffusion
b) osmosis
c) endocytosis
d) active transport
Explanation: in blood the level of sodium is high already, so it is actively transported with the expense of energy.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection from microbes. These are organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope.
Infection
may occur in all parts of the urinary tract. Which part is rarely the site of
infection?
a) kidney
b) ureter
c) bladder
d) urethra
How many types of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are found in human on the basis of site of infection?
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) six
Explanation: 1. Pyenephritis, 2. Cystitis and 3. Urethritis
