According to Carl Jung's theory, what are archetypes?
a) Universal symbols and themes in the collective unconscious
b) Specific childhood memories
c) Manifestations of the id
d) Repressed desires
Which Psychoanalyst is known for his stages of psychosocial development, including the crisis of identity vs. role confusion?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) Alfred Adler
c) Erik Erikson
d) John B. Watson
In Psychoanalysis, what does the term "catharsis" refer to?
a) The process of free association in therapy
b) The release of repressed emotions and tension through expression
c) The use of dream analysis to uncover unconscious desires
d) The exploration of early childhood memories
Who is known for developing the concept of the "psychodynamic approach" as an extension of Psychoanalysis?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) Carl Rogers
c) Erik Erikson
d) Karen Horney
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Psychoanalysis?
a) Lack of empirical evidence
b) Overemphasis on conscious thought
c) Limited applicability to cultural differences
d) Difficulty in testing its concepts
What is the main goal of Psychoanalysis?
a) To enhance self-esteem
b) To modify observable behavior
c) To make unconscious conflicts conscious
d) To promote self-actualization
