Question No 7: In what ways did structuralism contribute to the broader field of psychology beyond its initial focus?
Answer: Structuralism's emphasis on systematic observation and the study of mental processes paved the way for the development of more rigorous research methods and the growth of experimental psychology. It influenced subsequent schools of thought and contributed to the evolution of psychology as a scientific discipline.
Question No 8: How did functionalism differ from the structuralist school of thought in psychology?
Answer: Functionalism emerged as a reaction to structuralism and focused on understanding the purpose and function of mental processes, rather than just analyzing their basic components. Structuralism examined the elements of consciousness, while functionalism explored the role and adaptation of mental processes.
Question No 9: Who were some influential figures associated with functionalism, and what were their contributions?
Answer: Functionalism did not have a single dominant theorist, but notable figures associated with this perspective include William James, John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr. William James, in particular, is considered a key figure for his work on the functional aspects of consciousness and behavior.
Question No 10: Can you explain the central focus of functionalism, particularly in terms of mental processes?
Answer: Functionalism emphasized understanding the functions and purposes of mental states and behaviors. Instead of solely exploring the underlying processes that cause mental states, functionalists sought to comprehend how these states serve adaptive functions in responding to the environment.
Question No 11: How did functionalism influence other areas of psychology, even though it did not persist as a formal school of thought?
Answer: Functionalism's influence extended into applied psychology, behaviorism, and educational psychology. It laid the groundwork for studying practical applications of psychology and the adaptation of individuals in various contexts.
Question No 12: Why has functionalism been described as lacking a central leader or formalized ideas?
Answer: Functionalism is sometimes seen as less formalized compared to other schools of thought because it did not have a single dominant leader and did not establish a strict set of principles. Instead, it was characterized by a diverse group of thinkers with varying perspectives.
