Question No 31: How does Kohlberg's Conventional Morality stage differ from the Pre-Moral Level, and what characterizes individuals at this stage?
Answer: Conventional Morality individuals are more concerned about peer opinions and want to please others. They begin to develop their internal ideas of what it means to be a good person.
Question No 32: Could you explain Stage 4 of Kohlberg's theory, Law and Order, and provide an example of moral reasoning at this stage?
Answer: In the Law and Order stage, moral judgments are based on upholding social order, law, justice, and duty. An example would be someone obeying traffic laws because they believe in following social rules and maintaining order.
Question No 33: What distinguishes the Post-Conventional or Self-Accepted Moral Principles stage in Kohlberg's theory, and how do individuals at this stage make moral decisions?
Answer: In this stage, morality is judged based on abstract principles rather than existing rules. Individuals look within themselves for answers and prioritize universal ethical principles, such as justice and equality.
Question No 34: Can you explain the difference between internal and external factors that influence growth and development?
Answer: Internal factors are those that originate within an individual, such as heredity, biological factors, intelligence, and emotional factors. External factors, on the other hand, are environmental influences from outside the individual, such as prenatal and postnatal conditions, accidents, social and cultural influences, and the quality of opportunities and facilities provided.
Question No 35: How do heredity factors impact a person's growth and development?
Answer: Heredity factors, including genes and chromosomes, determine an individual's physical characteristics and to some extent their mental and emotional predispositions. These factors lay the foundation for later growth and development.
Question No 36: What role does intelligence play in an individual's overall growth and development?
Answer: Intelligence affects various aspects of a person's development, including their social behavior, moral judgment, and emotional growth. Intelligent individuals often demonstrate better problem-solving skills and are more capable of effective personal and social adjustment.
