Question No 42: How did Bandura's theory transition from social learning to social cognitive theory?
Answer: Bandura incorporated mediated processes involving cognitive factors into stimuli and responses, leading to the transition to a social cognitive theory.
Question No 43: Who is Carl Rogers, and what is his contribution to psychology?
Answer: Carl Rogers was a prominent psychologist and a founding member of the humanist movement, emphasizing the individual's role in shaping their self-concept and personality.
Question No 44: What is the phenomenal field, according to Rogers?
Answer: The phenomenal field is a person's subjective reality, which includes external objects, people, thoughts, and emotions, all of which influence their behavior.
Question No 45: How does Rogers describe self-actualizing tendencies and their impact on self-concept?
Answer: Self-actualizing tendencies motivate individuals to achieve their highest potential, and self-concept is shaped through interactions with the environment and others.
Question No 46: Explain the concept of congruence and incongruence in Rogers's theory of personality.
Answer: Congruence occurs when the real self and ideal self are similar, leading to a positive self-concept. Incongruence, when they differ significantly, can lead to maladjustment.
Question No 47: What is "unconditional positive regard," and how does it relate to self-concept?
Answer: Unconditional positive regard is an accepting and nonjudgmental attitude that helps individuals develop a positive self-concept. Conditional positive regard can create gaps between the real self and ideal self, leading to maladjustment.
