Characteristics and Needs of Living things
(Old version KP + Punjab text Book) Unit No: 11
Ø Plant can prepare their own food but animals
cannot.
Ø Air contains gases like Nitrogen, Oxygen,
and Carbon dioxide.
Ø Plants
absorb carbon dioxide from the air during day time to prepare
their food.
Ø Water is one of the most important requirements of
living things.
Ø Animal
and plant bodies consist of 70% of water.
Ø Plants prepare their foods in the presence of
sunlight.
Ø Most of
the plants produced seed. These seeds grow in to young plants called seedling.
Ø The
similar characters are transferred by the parents to their young ones this
property is called heredity.
Ø The kittens
look like a cat and a puppy looks like a dog.
Ø Brothers
and sisters born from the same parents have different facial features, body
structures and habits. These differences are called variations.
Ø Food, water, sunlight, and air are
needed for all living things to survive.
Ø Food is
very important because it helps an organism to grow.
Ø All
organisms use oxygen for respiration.
Ø Human
beings and animals moves from one place to other place. This type of movement
is called Locomotion.
Ø Growth, movement and reproduction are
some of the characteristics of living organisms.
Ø Different
stages of life cycle of many insects are egg, larva, pupa,
adult insect.
Butterfly Life Cycle
Ø 1) Egg: Butterfly eggs are laid on plants called Host
plants.
Ø They are
super small and place on a leaf by female butterfly.
Ø The egg
stage usually lasts several weeks before caterpillar (larva) come
out from the egg.
Ø 2) Caterpillar (Larva): The caterpillars first feed on the shell from
which it is born and then start feeding on the leaves and start to grow.
Ø Caterpillars
have different shapes and will go through a series of stage is called
instars.
Ø 3) Chrysalis (Pupa): It then forms a protective layer around itself.
This stage is called chrysalis.
Ø 4) Butterfly: After the pupa stage, the adult butterfly has 4
wings and 6 legs.
Ø It may
take 3 hours for the butterfly’s wings to dry and then the
butterfly can fly.
Life Cycle of
a Frog:
Ø Other animals (including beetles, frogs, and butterflies) go
through a process called metamorphosis. Metamorphosis is a big word that means changing from one form
into another.
Ø A frog begins life as a fertilized egg.
Ø The eggs float on water in a jelly mass and the jelly is called spawn.
Ø The eggs will soon hatch into tadpoles. It feed on
the yolk of the egg from which it hatches.
Ø After few days it has gills and Fin
appear and tail elongate. The tadpole swims, eats plants and algae from the water, and
grows for several weeks.
Ø After few days external gill disappear and tadpole develop hind limbs.
Ø After few days tadpole develop in to Froglet and
develop forelimbs and lungs for breathing.
Ø Final stage tail become smaller and finally disappears and frog
enters the adult stage.
Structure of a
Seed:
Ø Testa: It is the outer coat of the
seed that protects the embryonic plant.
Ø Micropyle: It is a tiny pore in the
testa that lies on the opposite of the tip of the radicle. It permits water to enter the embryo before active germination.
Ø Cotyledon: In some plants, this contains high
quantities of starch and will provide a source of food for the
developing embryo prior to germination, in other plants this role is performed
by an endosperm.
Ø Radicle: This is the embryonic root which will
develop into the primary root of the plant.
Ø Plumule: This is the embryonic shoot. It appears as
a bud which will give rise to the shoot and the remaining structures in the
plant.
Ø Endosperm: In many plants, a separate part for
storage of starch develops and this is called the endosperm. It
is seen in maize and wheat.
The Life Cycle of a Plant:
Ø The plant starts life as a seed, which germinates
and grows into a plant.
Ø The mature plant produces flowers, which are
fertilized and produce seeds in a fruit or seedpod.
Ø The plant eventually dies, leaving seeds which germinate to
produce new plants.
Ø
Annuals take one year to
complete their life cycle.
Ø
Biennials take two years to
complete their life cycle, germinating and growing roots and leaves in their
first year, flowering, setting seed and dying in their second year.
Ø Perennials live for several years after germination.
Ø Monocarpic plants produce seeds only once, but may take several years to grow
to maturity. The Talipot Palm may live for 60 years or more
before it produces flowers and seeds, and it then dies.
MCQs (Punjab
Text Book old version)
Some animals lay eggs while some produce……
a) Babies
b) Seeds
c) Adults
d) All of these
Plants prepare their food in the presence of …..
a) Sand
b) Sunlight
c) Oxygen
d) sugar
Outer seed coat is…………
a) Testa
b) Tegmen
c) Hilum
d) Function
