Agriculture: Farming,
animal keeping, poultry keeping, fishing, forestry etc. are called agriculture.
There are many Types of agriculture. 1) Subsistence Agriculture (
1) Subsistence Agriculture (خود کفالتی
زراعت):It is an old
method of agriculture.
Farmers grow those types of crops which are used as a food for their family.
Wheat, rice, maize etc.
2) Intensive agriculture (عمیق زراعت):In this type of agriculture the formers used high quality
of seed is sown and modern machinery
and fertilizers are used.
It is tried to get more production from a small piece of land.
3) Extensive agriculture (توسیعی زراعت):This type of
agriculture is practiced on a vast piece of land.
There is no
need of labor works and cutting of crops is done by
machinery.
Canada, Kazakhstan
and Australia are famous for this type of agriculture.
4) Commercial agriculture (تجارتی زراعت):Crops are grown at large scale for commercial
purpose.
Modern machinery, developed seeds, fertilizer and insecticides are used for
get large scale of production.
5) Plantation agriculture (شجر کاری زراعت):Any crop which is grown on large scale for use
in industries and factories is called plantation agriculture. It
includes palm oil,Tea, coffee, banana, coconut etc.
6) Truck Farming (سبزیوں اور
پھلوں کی کاشت):In the urban
areas different types of vegetables and fruits are grown
in large scale and then for packing shift by truck.
Therefore it is called truck farming.
7) Mixed Farming (مخلوط کاشتکاری):Mixed farming is a type of farming in which more than one
crops are grown in a piece of land at one time.
For example in sugar cane crops fodder (چارہ) is also grown for animals.
8) Cereal Crops (اناج کی فصلیں):We use them as a food.
Rice and wheat are the prominent crops; both are
used as a food by a large population of the world.
There are two crops seasonsinPakistan i.e. Rabi
and Kharif.
Rabi Crops (فصل
ربیع):These crops are sown in winter and harvested in
summer. Examples of Rabi Crops are Wheat (گندم) mustard (سرسوں) grams (چنا) and tobacco (تمباکو).
Kharif Crops (فصل خریف):These
are sown in summer and harvested in winter. Examples of Kharif Crops areCotton
(کپاس), millet (باجرہ), maize (جو), sugarcane (گنا), rice (چاول ), and peanuts (مونگ پھلی) etc.
Irrigation means to provide water to crops by artificial
methods.
The following are some of the methods used for irrigation in our
country.
1) Canals 2) Kareez 3) Tube wells4) Wells and Persian
Wheel 5) Reservoirs and small dams
Kareez (کاریز):Rain
and spring water stored in the foot of mountains is
transported to fields through underground cannels to avoid the
evaporation due to extreme heat. The underground channels are called kareez.
MCQs .
Cultivation of crops and farming of
cattle is called………
a) farming
