Question no 61: What are the four main features characterizing classical management theory?
Answer: Classical management theory is characterized by a hierarchy of authority, emphasizing a three-tier organizational structure. Work specialization involves breaking down tasks for efficiency. Incentives, primarily monetary, are seen as motivators. Autocratic leadership concentrates decision-making at the executive level.
Question no 62: How does classical management view an organization, particularly a factory, and what role do workers play?
Answer: Classical management views an organization, especially a factory, as a production machine where workers are treated as essential components. Workers are expected to perform their designated roles efficiently to achieve higher productivity and organizational goals.
Question no 63: What are the key criticisms of classical management theory regarding employee needs?
Answer: Critics argue that classical management tends to neglect the social and psychological well-being of employees, focusing predominantly on physical and economic needs. It may overlook the importance of factors like job satisfaction and intrinsic motivation.
Question no 64: Name the three main types of classical management theories and their respective founders.
Answer: The three main types are Scientific Management by F.W. Taylor, Administrative Management by Henri Fayol, and Bureaucracy by Max Weber. Each founder contributed distinct principles for effectively managing organizations.
Question no 65: What are the key principles of Scientific Management Theory, and how does it differ from previous approaches?
Answer: Principles include the replacement of "Rule of Thumb," which advocates using data and scientific methods for decision-making. Cooperation emphasizes harmonious working relationships. Development of workers stresses selecting and training the right people. Maximizing output aims to achieve higher productivity. It differs by emphasizing systematic and scientific approaches over traditional methods.
Question no 66: What techniques or elements are involved in Scientific Management Theory to optimize productivity?
Answer: Techniques involve scientific study, which includes method, motion, time, and fatigue studies. Standardization establishes consistent procedures. The differential piece rate system rewards higher output. Selection and training ensure employees are well-suited for their roles. The mental revolution encourages a positive shift in mindset.
