Question no 79: How did provincial autonomy influence the governance of education in South Asia?
Answer: Total provincial autonomy introduced by the Govt. of India Act, 1935, granted increased powers to the Minister for Education, allowing for more localized control and decision-making in the field of education.
Question no 80: What were the general observations made by the Hartog Committee regarding the state of education in India in 1929?
Answer: The committee noted significant progress in education, with increasing recognition of its national importance. There was a positive trend in enrollment, particularly among women, Muslims, and backward classes. However, overall literacy growth in the nation was deemed unsatisfactory.
Question no 81: What were the key shortcomings identified by the Hartog Committee in the existing primary education system in India?
Answer: The committee identified challenges in rural areas, including small school units, high staffing costs, poor living conditions for teachers, economic barriers hindering enrollment, geographic dispersion of villages, caste and communal barriers, lack of trained teachers, and outdated teaching methods.
Question no 82: What were the key recommendations of the Hartog Committee to address issues in primary education?
Answer: The recommendations included prioritizing quality over expansion, extending the primary course duration to four years, allowing flexible timetables for schools, adapting the curriculum to village needs, improving teacher standards and training, and enhancing government inspection.
Question no 83: What defects did the Hartog Committee highlight in the secondary education system, and what were its recommendations?
Answer: The committee noted an examination-oriented system with a dominance of matriculation exams. Recommendations included improving training and service conditions for secondary teachers, better remuneration, job security, and training facilities.
Question no 84: What were the key suggestions of the Hartog Committee for higher education in India?
Answer: Recommendations for higher education included appointing teachers for affiliated colleges through universities, establishing advanced honors courses exclusively at universities, basing university admission on students' abilities, setting up well-equipped central libraries, and conducting departmental exams for administrative service recruitment.
