In Dale's Stages of Management (1965), what does "POSDIR" stand for?
a) Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Innovation, Representation
b) Processes, Objectives, Structure, Development, Innovation, Relationships
c) Personnel, Organization, Strategies, Direction, Innovation, Representation
d) Planning, Operations, Staffing, Direction, Innovation, Representation
In Luther and Gulick's Model (1961), what does "POSDCORB" stand for?
a) Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Budgeting
b) Processes, Objectives, Structure, Development, Coordination, Reporting, Budgeting
c) Personnel, Operations, Strategies, Direction, Coordination, Reporting, Budgeting
d) Planning, Organization, Staffing, Direction, Coordination, Reporting, Budgeting
What is the primary focus of top-level management in education?
a) Operational efficiency
b) Strategic leadership and planning
c) Technical skills development
d) Daily administrative tasks
Explanation: Top-level management in education emphasizes strategic leadership and planning, focusing on long-range goals and policies.
What characterizes the involvement of top-level managers in day-to-day operations in education?
a) Extensive hands-on engagement
b) Limited technical skills utilization
c) Direct supervision of tasks
d) Routine administrative duties
Explanation: Top-level managers, such as Secretaries of Education, have less hands-on involvement in day-to-day operations and utilize fewer technical skills.
What is the function of policy formation in education's top-level management?
a) Monitoring daily activities
b) Defining and developing policies
c) Conducting staff appraisals
d) Implementing budgetary controls
Explanation: Top-level management, like a Minister of Education, is responsible for formulating policies aligned with educational objectives.
What does budget control involve in education's top-level management?
a) Implementing strategic plans
b) Overseeing daily operations
c) Defining organizational goals and daily financial costing
d) Overseeing allocation and utilization of financial resources
Explanation: Top-level managers, such as a Secretary of Education, manage the national education budget and ensure responsible financial practices.
