Who formulates Originated Policies?
a) Lower-level management
b) Middle-level management
c) Top-level management
d) External consultants
Explanation: Originated policies are formulated by top-level management, aligning with the organization's objectives.
What is the primary purpose of Originated Policies?
a) To create confusion
b) To guide actions of competitors
c) To guide the actions of subordinates
d) To establish external partnerships
Explanation: The primary purpose of Originated Policies is to guide the actions of subordinates based on the organization's objectives.
How
do Implied Policies evolve?
a) Through external imposition
b) By top-level management
c) By active consultation
d) When a series of decisions are made over time
Explanation: Implied policies evolve by themselves when a series of decisions are made by managers over some time.
In what form do Implied Policies exist?
a) Written documentation
b) Unwritten form
c) Explicit formulation
d) Active consultation
Explanation: Implied policies exist in an unwritten form, emerging from recurring managerial decisions.
How are Implied Policies consciously formulated?
a) Through external imposition
b) In active consultation with lower-level managers
c) By middle-level management
d) They are not consciously formulated
Explanation: Implied policies are not consciously formulated; they emerge naturally from recurring managerial decisions over time.
How are Appealed Policies formulated?
a) In isolation
b) In response to appeals from lower levels
c) Through external imposition
d) Without considering organizational objectives
Explanation: Appealed policies are formulated at higher managerial levels in response to appeals made by lower managerial levels.
