Question no 13: Explain the differences between imperative planning and indicative planning in educational planning.
Answer: Imperative planning is centralized at the federal level, with the government setting targets, while indicative planning involves local communities in project development. Imperative planning relies on federal directives, while indicative planning allows local residents to prioritize projects with government support.
Question no 14: How does sectoral planning contribute to educational development, and what challenges might arise from its decentralized nature?
Answer: Sectoral planning involves individual departments preparing and implementing projects, allowing focused development efforts. However, challenges may arise due to limited collaboration among departments, impacting the overall efficiency of educational development.
Question no 15: How does integrated planning differ from other types of educational planning, and what are its advantages and potential drawbacks?
Answer: Integrated planning focuses on developing a specific pilot area, ensuring comprehensive development with simultaneous efforts from all government departments. While advantageous, it may overlook other areas in need, leading to potential drawbacks in terms of overall developmental initiatives.
Question no 16: What were the primary objectives of the First Five-Year Plan (1955-60) regarding educational development in Pakistan?
Answer: The primary objectives of the First Five-Year Plan in Pakistan were to enhance educational quality at all levels, expand technical and vocational training, increase access to education, and focus on teacher training and educational research
Question no 17: How did the First Five-Year Plan address the issue of untrained teachers in primary and secondary schools, and what was its goal in this regard?
Answer: The First Five-Year Plan aimed to significantly reduce the number of untrained teachers (35% in primary and 52% in secondary schools) by improving existing teacher training institutions, establishing new ones, and offering refresher courses. The goal was to enhance the quality of education by addressing the training needs of teachers.
Question no 18: What were the ambitious plans for primary education during the First Five-Year Plan, and why was achieving universal primary education considered a long-term goal?
Answer: The plan included improving 21,000 existing primary schools and opening 4,500 new ones to achieve universal primary education. However, due to cost and teacher supply challenges, achieving this goal was expected to take about 20 years. The emphasis was on enhancing quality in West Pakistan and raising completion rates in East Pakistan
